Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM F436 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c long \u0111\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. F436\/F436M\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM F436 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. F436\/F436M cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
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\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
Long \u0111\u1ec1n F436 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee1, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng long \u0111\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111ai \u1ed1c F436 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
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Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt long \u0111\u1ec1n ASTM F436\/ F436M<\/h3>\n
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B\u1ea3ng 1: Dimensions of Circular Washers<\/h4>\n
| Nominal Washer Size, mm<\/th>\n | Inside Diameter (A), mm<\/th>\n | Outside Diameter (B), in.<\/th>\n | Thickness (C), mm<\/th>\n | Clipped Width (E), mm, min<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n | min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n | min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 14.0<\/td>\n | 14.4<\/td>\n | 25.7<\/td>\n | 27.0<\/td>\n | 3.1<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 16.0<\/td>\n | 16.4<\/td>\n | 28.7<\/td>\n | 30.0<\/td>\n | 3.1<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 12.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 18.0<\/td>\n | 18.4<\/td>\n | 32.4<\/td>\n | 34.0<\/td>\n | 3.1<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 14.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 22.0<\/td>\n | 22.5<\/td>\n | 40.4<\/td>\n | 42.0<\/td>\n | 3.1<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 17.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 24.0<\/td>\n | 24.5<\/td>\n | 42.4<\/td>\n | 44.0<\/td>\n | 3.4<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 19.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 26.0<\/td>\n | 26.5<\/td>\n | 48.4<\/td>\n | 50.0<\/td>\n | 3.4<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 21.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 30.0<\/td>\n | 30.5<\/td>\n | 54.1<\/td>\n | 56.0<\/td>\n | 3.4<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 23.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 33.0<\/td>\n | 33.6<\/td>\n | 58.1<\/td>\n | 60.0<\/td>\n | 3.4<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 26.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 39.0<\/td>\n | 39.6<\/td>\n | 70.1<\/td>\n | 72.0<\/td>\n | 3.4<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 31.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 45.6<\/td>\n | 81.8<\/td>\n | 84.0<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 7.2<\/td>\n | 36.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 52.0<\/td>\n | 52.7<\/td>\n | 92.8<\/td>\n | 95.0<\/td>\n | 4.6<\/td>\n | 7.2<\/td>\n | 42.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | 62.0<\/td>\n | 62.7<\/td>\n | 104.8<\/td>\n | 107.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 49.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | 70.0<\/td>\n | 70.7<\/td>\n | 115.8<\/td>\n | 118.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 56.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | 78.0<\/td>\n | 78.7<\/td>\n | 127.5<\/td>\n | 130.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 63.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | 86.0<\/td>\n | 86.9<\/td>\n | 139.5<\/td>\n | 142.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 70.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | 96.0<\/td>\n | 96.9<\/td>\n | 156.5<\/td>\n | 159.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 78.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | 107.0<\/td>\n | 107.9<\/td>\n | 173.5<\/td>\n | 176.0<\/td>\n | 6.1<\/td>\n | 8.7<\/td>\n | 87.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/p>\n <\/h4>\n<\/h4>\nB\u1ea3ng 2: Hardened Beveled Washers<\/strong><\/h4>\nNominal Washer Size, mm<\/th>\n | Inside Diameter (I.D), mm<\/th>\n | Side Width (A), mm<\/th>\n | Thickness (T), mm<\/th>\n | Clipped Width (E), | \nmm, min<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n | min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n | min<\/th>\n | max<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | 12<\/td>\n | 14.0<\/td>\n | 14.4<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 14<\/td>\n | 16.0<\/td>\n | 16.4<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 12.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 16<\/td>\n | 18.0<\/td>\n | 18.4<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 14.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 20<\/td>\n | 22.0<\/td>\n | 22.5<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 17.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 22<\/td>\n | 24.0<\/td>\n | 24.5<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 19.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 24<\/td>\n | 26.0<\/td>\n | 26.5<\/td>\n | 43.0<\/td>\n | 45.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 21.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 27<\/td>\n | 30.0<\/td>\n | 30.5<\/td>\n | 56.0<\/td>\n | 58.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 23.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 30<\/td>\n | 33.0<\/td>\n | 33.6<\/td>\n | 56.0<\/td>\n | 58.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 26.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | 36<\/td>\n | 39.0<\/td>\n | 39.6<\/td>\n | 56.0<\/td>\n | 58.0<\/td>\n | 7.5<\/td>\n | 8.5<\/td>\n | 31.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n | B\u1ea3ng 3: Washers Dimension Tolerances<\/strong><\/h4>\nDimensional Characteristics<\/th>\n | 12 mm through 16 mm | \nNominal Size<\/th>\n > 16 mm | \nNominal Size<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n Flatness: max deviation from straightedge | \nplaced on cut side shall not exceed<\/td>\n Flat Within 0.01 mm\/mm of Outside Diameter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Concentricity, in.: center of hole to outside diameter<\/td>\n | 0.6 mm FIR<\/td>\n | 0.9 mm FIR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Burr shall not project above immediately | \nadjacent washer surface more than (mm)<\/td>\n 0.25 mm<\/td>\n | 0.25 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n | H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n
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